Police De-escalation:
Warning Before Shooting State Maps
Developed by Texas Legal Services Center and Kirkland & Ellis LLP.
Law enforcement violence is a critical public health issue. Police violence results in disproportionate rates of deaths, injuries, trauma, and stress in marginalized communities¹. Warning before shooting requirements can mitigate injury and death. Warning before shooting is defined as a “verbal warning in situations before the use of deadly force”².
You can click on the maps below to view training and statutory use-of-force continuum requirements by state.
Training Requirements
Statutory Definitions
We have done our best to include all relevant information, but we're only human. Did our researchers get something wrong? Leave something out? Miss an update? Let us know.
¹ Addressing Law Enforcement Violence as a Public Health Issue, Aᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴ Pᴜʙʟɪᴄ Hᴇᴀʟᴛʜ Assᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ (Aug. 18, 2021, 2:47PM), https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2019/01/29/law-enforcement-violence.
² 8 Cᴀɴ'ᴛ Wᴀɪᴛ, https://8cantwait.org/ (last visited Aug. 18, 2021).